Bibliography for the Cuban Missile Crisis

14-15 October -

Reconnaissance Photos Discover IRBM sites

President Kennedy is notified

16 October -

1st informal meeting what would become the EXCOMM

17 October -

Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko meets with President Kennedy

18 October -

US Military prepares for invasion of Cuba

19 October -

Joint Chiefs of Staff demand immediate military action

20 October -

US prepares for diplomatic battle and extensive information operations

21 October -

US Navy presents plan for blockade to EXCOMM

22 October -

President Kennedy Addresses the US

US Forces set to DEFCON 3

23 October -

Chairman Khrushchev responds

UNSC and OAS vote for blockade

24 October -

Quarantine of Cuba begins

SAC goes to DEFCON 2

25 October -

Stevenson and Zorin Debate at the UN

26 October -

Castro orders forces to fire on US Aircraft

27 October -

Conflicting proposals from Khrushchev

US U2 shot down over Cuba

28 October -

Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles

Conclusion

 

Books

Bundy, McGeorge, and Seymour Martin Lipset collection. Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years. New York, NY: Random House, 1988.

Fursenko, A. A. One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958-1964. 1st ed. New York: Norton, 1997.

Kennedy, Robert F. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999.

Stern, Sheldon. The Week the World Stood Still: Inside the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis. Stanford Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2005.

Logs

United States. Marine Corps Emergency Actions Center. “Summary of Items of Significant Interest Period 140701 - 150700 October 1962.” 15 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00608. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Summary of Items of Significant Interest Period 170701-180700 October 1962.” 17 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00673. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Summary of Items of Significant Interest Period 180701-190700 October 1962.” 19 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00698. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Summary of Items of Significant Interest Period 220701-230700October 1962.” 23 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00949. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Memoranda, Letters, and Notes

Bowles, Chester. “Report Of Conversation With Ambassador Dobrynin On Saturday, October 13th, Regarding Cuba And Other Subjects.” 13 October 1962. Originally Secret. Department of State, Central Files, 601.6111/10-1562.

Bundy, McGeorge. “Minutes of the 506th Meeting of the National Security Council.” 21 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Boston: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, NSC Meetings. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-63 Volume XI. #38.http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusXI/index.html.

---. “Executive Committee Record of Action, October 25, 1962, 10:00 a.m., Meeting No. 4.” 25 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01336. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Castro, Fidel Ruz. “Statement by Castro Rejecting the Possibility of Inspection and Noting That Cuba Has Taken Measures to Repel a United States Attack.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00888. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Prime Minister Fidel Castro’s letter to Premier Khrushchev, October 26, 1962.” 26 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/docs.htm.

---. “Transmittal of Message from Fidel Castro Welcoming U Thant's Visit and Responding to U Thant's Request to Suspend Missile Base Construction.” 27 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01485.
http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Transmittal of Letter from Castro Announcing His 5 Point Plan.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01568. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Cuba, Letter, from Prime Minister Castro to Chairman Khrushchev, October 28, 1962.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/docs.htm.

Finletter, Thomas K. “Lauris Norstad Not Ordering U.S. Forces in Europe to DEFCON 3.” 22 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00837. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Turkish Position with regard to Trading Jupiters for Soviet Missiles in Cuba.” 25 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01328. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Garcia Inchaustegui, Mario. “Cuban Request That a Meeting of the U.N. Security Council Be Convened on the Cuban Situation.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00774. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Statement by Cuban Ambassador Mario Garcia-Inchaustegui before the United Nations Security Council.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00900. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Kennedy, John F. “National Security Action Memorandum 196.” 22 October 1962. Boston: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, NSAMS. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-63 Volume XI. #42. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusXI/index.html.

---. “Letter From President Kennedy to Chairman Khrushchev.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 77 D 163. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-63 Volume XI. #44. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusXI/index.html.

---. “Address by President Kennedy, October 22, 1962.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00847. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Executive Order 11058.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00975. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Text of October 23 Message from President Kennedy to Khrushchev for Delivery by Ambassador Foy Kohler.” 23 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00924. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Letter from President Kennedy to U Thant Responding to U Thant's October 24 Appeal to President Kennedy and Khrushchev.” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01349. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “President Kennedy's Letter to Khrushchev of October 25 Responding to Khrushchev's Letter of October 24.” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01346. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Message from President Kennedy to U Thant Stating That United States Ships Will Avoid Confronting Soviet Vessels If the Quarantine Zone Is Respected.” 26 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01347.
http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “October 27 Letter from President Kennedy to Khrushchev Proposing a Settlement to the Crisis along the Lines Suggested in Khrushchev's October 26 Letter.” 27 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01507. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Kennedy, Robert F. “Handwritten Note on 16 OCT1962 after 1800 EXCOMM Meeting.” 16 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00620. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Kholer, Foy D. “Report on Khrushchev-Kohler Meeting, October 16 (Part IV: Discussion of U-2, Cuban Fishing Port, Nuclear Test Ban and U.S. Elections) – In Two Sections.” 16 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00628. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Report on Meeting between Ambassador Foy Kohler and Foreign Minister Vasily Kuznetsov in Which Kuznetsov Delivered Khrushchev's October 23 Letter to President Kennedy.” 23 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01066. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Quarantine Proclamation Reported Delivered to Soviets.” 24 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01253. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Kitchen, Jeffrey C. “Distribution of Russian Speaking U.S. Naval Personnel on U.S. Quarantine Ships.” 24 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01160. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Khrushchev, Nikita S. “Khrushchev's Message to President Kennedy of October 23, 1962.” 23 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00896. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “English Text of Khrushchev's October 24 Letter to President Kennedy – Includes Cover Memo.” 24 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01105. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Letter from Khrushchev to U Thant Accepting U Thant's October 24 Proposal to Temporarily Suspend the Quarantine and Further Arms Shipments to Cuba.” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01280. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Khrushchev's Letter to President Kennedy of October 26, 1962 - In Russian.” 26 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01388. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “October 27, 1962 Letter from Khrushchev to President Kennedy Proposing a Turkey-Cuba Trade.” 27 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01488. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Official Translation of Khrushchev's October 28 Message Agreeing to Withdraw Soviet Missiles from Cuba.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01570. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “USSR, Letter, from Chairman Khrushchev to Prime Minister Castro, October 28, 1962.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/docs.htm.

---. “Letter to U Thant from Khrushchev Transmitting His Letter to President Kennedy Agreeing to Withdraw Soviet Missiles from Cuba - Includes Unofficial United Nations Translation.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01571. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Hare, Raymond A. “Assessment of Consequences for the NATO Alliance If the Jupiters Are Traded for the Cuban Missiles - In Three Sections.” 26 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01470. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

McCone, John. “Leadership meeting on October 22nd at 5:00 p.m.” 24 October 1962. Originally Top Secret, Eyes Only. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, DCI/McCone Files, Job 80-B01285A, Meetings with the President. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-63 Volume XI. #43. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusXI/index.html.

McNamara, Robert S. “Defense Department Background Briefing on Cuban Situation.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00779. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Meeker, Leonard C. “Legal Aspects of Declaring a Blockade of Cuba.” 18 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00668. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Reinhardt, G. Frederick. “Assessment of Possibility of Withdrawing Jupiter Missiles from Italy - In Two Sections.” 26 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01463. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Sylvester, Arthur. “News Briefing at the Pentagon with Assistant Secretary of Defense Arthur Sylvester, 11:50 a.m..” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01291. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Rusk, Dean. “Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko's Appointment with You on Thursday October 18.” 18 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00665. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Text of Message from Kennedy to Khrushchev to Be Delivered by Foy Kohler One Hour Prior to Kennedy's Speech on Cuba.” 21 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00746. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Instructions to Brief Foreign Minister and Chief of State on the Situation in Cuba upon Receipt of the "Go" Signal.” 21 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. (Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00741. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Message from President Kennedy to Heads of State.” 22 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00790. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Brief Summary of Dean Rusk-Anatoly Dobrynin Meeting on October 22 Prior to President Kennedy's Speech on the Cuban Crisis.” 22 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00806.
http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Speech by Dean Rusk before the Council of the Organization of American States.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00891. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Report on Passage of OAS Resolution on Cuba and Text of Resolution.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00923. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Defense Department Submarine Surfacing and Identification Procedures for Transmittal to the Soviet Government.” 24 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01137. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Possible Soviet Reaction to Cuban Quarantine and Request for Assessments on the Possible Dismantling of Jupiter Missiles.” 24 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01138. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Summary of Dean Rusk's October 28, 5:00 p.m. Briefing of Latin American and OAS Ambassadors.” 28 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01509. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Sorenson, Theodore. “Draft U.N. Security Council Resolution Calling for the Demilitarization of Cuba.” 20 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00710. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Tactics in the UN Security Council.” 20 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00707. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Stevenson, Adlai E. “Letter From the Representative to the United Nations (Stevenson) to President Kennedy.” 17 October 1962. Originally Secret, Eyes Only. Boston: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Countries Series.

---. “Letter Delivered to Valerian Zorin As Acting President of the U.N. Security Council Requesting a Meeting of the Security Council and Transmitting a Draft U.S. Resolution.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00809. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Statement by Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson, United States Representative to the United Nations, in the Security Council, on Cuba.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00899. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Thant, U. “Text of U Thant's October 24 Message to Khrushchev Calling for a Temporary Suspension of Arms Shipments to Cuba and of the Quarantine.” 24 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01109.
http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “U Thant's October 24 Letter to Kennedy Calling for a Temporary Suspension of the Quarantine and of Arms Shipments to Cuba.” 24 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01110. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Text of U Thant's Second Message of October 24 to President Kennedy Asking That U.S. Ships Be Instructed to Avoid Confronting Soviet Vessels.” 24 October 1962. Originally Confidential. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01175. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Acknowledgement of Kennedy's Reply to U Thant's October 24 Appeal.” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01284. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Message from U Thant to Khrushchev Thanking Khrushchev for His ‘Encouraging Reply’ to U Thant's October 24 Appeal.” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01283. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Letter from U Thant to Castro Requesting That Work on Missile Facilities Be Suspended during Negotiations.” 26 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01391. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Letter from U Thant to Khrushchev Welcoming Khrushchev's Decision to Dismantle the Missiles in Cuba.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01573. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Unknown. “Proposed Changes in President’s Message to Khrushchev.” 20 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00714. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. “USSR, draft directive, Directive to the Commander of Soviet Forces in Cuba on transfer of Il-28s and Luna Missiles, and Authority on Use of Tactical Nuclear Weapons, September 8, 1962.” 8 September 1962. Draft Directive. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/docs.htm.

United Nations. Security Council. “United Nations Security Council Meeting on the Cuban Situation.” 25 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01287. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

United States. Department of State. “Transmittal of Suggested Draft Resolution and Authorization to Submit Resolution to U.N. Security Council.” 21 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00739. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Talking Points – Ambassadorial Briefings.” 22 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00814. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “U.S. Embassies in Soviet Bloc Nations Not to Brief Heads of Government on Kennedy's Speech.” 22 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00798. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Enclosure A: Historical Analysis of Command and Control Actions in the 1962 Cuban Crisis, C&C Internal Memorandum No. 40. 14 August 1964. 3rd Draft. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: Department of Defense. http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/reading_room/979-4.pdf.

---. “Chronology of JCS decisions concerning the Cuban Crisis.” 21 December 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC02780 http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “DEFCON 3 Established for U.S. Forces Worldwide Effective 22 October at 2300 Hours Due to the Cuban Situation.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00833. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Naval Quarantine of Cuba.” 23 October 1962. Originally Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00904. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Joint Chiefs of Staff Recommendation Not to Relax Alerts as Soviet Proposal to Withdraw Missiles May Be Insincere.” 28 October 1962. Original Classification Excised. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01599. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Instructions That No Forceful Action or Boarding of Ships Should Take Place until Further Orders.” 28 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01600. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Ward, Allen P. “United States Request That a Meeting of the OAS As an Organ of Consultation Be Convened to Consider the Cuban Situation.” 22 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00773. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Wilson, Donald M. “Psychological Program.” 20 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00730. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Radio Propaganda Plan.” 20 October 1962. Originally Top Secret. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00731. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “Summary of USIA Activities on the Cuban Situation to Date.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01089. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Zorin, Valerian. “Statement by Soviet Representative to the United Nations, Valerian Zorin, before the United Nations Security Council.” 23 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC00901. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Non-Print Sources

Digital National Security Archive Timeline. “11:00 a.m. entry for Sunday, October 21, 1962.” Cuban Missile Crisis Timeline. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “12:00 noon entry for Monday, 22 October 1962.” Cuban Missile Crisis Timeline. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

---. “3:00 p.m. entry for Monday, 22 October 1962,” Cuban Missile Crisis Timeline.
http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

The Fog of War. Dir. Errol Morris. Sony Pictures Classics. 2004.

Digital National Security Archive. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

George Washington University. The National Security Archive. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. http://www.jfklibrary.org/. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

United Nations. Dag Hammarskjold Library. http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Freedom of Information Act. http://www.foia.cia.gov/. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

United States. Defense Department. Freedom of Information Act. http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/index.html. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

United States. National Archives and Records Administration. http://www.archives.gov/. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

United States. State Department. Electronic Reading Room. http://www.state.gov/m/a/ips/c22790.htm. Accessed on 6 December 2007.

Periodicals and News Media

East Berlin Deutschlander (Radio Station). “Speech by Blas Roca to a Cuba Solidarity Rally outside Humboldt University.” 26 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01276. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.

Lippmann, Walter. “Today and Tomorrow.” The Washington Post. 25 October 1962. TASS (Soviet Union news agency). “Khrushchev Cable.” 24 October 1962. Washington, DC: National Security Archives at George Washington University. DNSA Number: CC01106. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com.